The Biden Administration this week launched a website and toll-free phone line allowing people to request four COVID-19 tests per household. These tests would be provided by the federal government as part of an effort to expand access to at-home tests, which have been in limited supply.
Directly mailing an equal number of free tests to households through the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) will increase availability and allow for faster implementation. Moreover, mailing free tests may increase access for people who are not able to pay upfront costs to purchase tests from retailers and/or who do not have health insurance to reimburse test costs. The White House also has indicated that the first 20% of each day’s orders will go to areas that experienced high rates of cases and deaths, which will help ensure that disproportionately affected areas are among those first to receive them.
However, providing an equal number of tests to every household without accounting for size of the household or the risk of household members will result in inequitable access to the tests. Other countries are distributing free tests at the individual level—the United Kingdom, for example, allows individuals to order up to seven tests per day through a website or phone line, which are mailed to their home or available for pick up from a local pharmacy or checkpoint.
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Hispanic, Asian, and Black people are more likely than White people to live in households with more than four people, where not everyone will receive a free COVID-19 test from the federal government. Hispanic, Asian, and Black people also are more likely than White people to live in multi-unit structures, like apartments. Early reports suggested that some people living in multi-unit buildings were not able to order COVID-19 tests because an order was already marked to their address. However, the USPS told news outlets that the problem affected a “small percentage of orders, ” and White House officials said the government is working to address website bugs. Analysis further shows that Hispanic and Black people are less likely to have internet access at home, making it more challenging for them to order tests without a phone option. At the same time, people of color likely have increased need for tests because they often are employed in jobs that cannot be done remotely.
This inequity in access to free tests is yet another example of the consistent theme of inequities over the course of the pandemic. Compared to their White counterparts, people of color have faced increased risk of exposure to the virus, suffered more illness and death, and faced more barriers to accessing protective equipment, testing, care, and treatment, as well as vaccines. These disparities in COVID-19 mirror and are driven by underlying inequities in health and health care that are rooted in racism and discrimination. Policies that do not recognize or account for underlying differences and inequities will perpetuate and further widen disparities going forward.Due to the Omicron variant, the Covid-19 pandemic regained momentum in the first quarter of 2022 in many countries, leading to significant restrictions on economic activity. Nevertheless, participants in the Economic Experts Survey (EES) see a significant quarter-on-quarter improvement in global Covid-19 health measures and call for relaxing restrictions.
The map shows the regional mean response to the question, “How do you rate your country’s current Covid-19 public health measures?” The experts were asked for a comparison to the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”). The data was averaged first at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
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Overall, the assessments of the current Covid-19 health measures are very positive. Participants in Asia and Oceania are consistently positive in how they rate the change in measures compared to the previous quarter. Northern, Western, and Southern Europe also expect a slight to noticeable improvement compared with the previous quarter. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, participants assess the current Covid-19 health measures more negatively than they did at the end of 2021. While the current measures in North and South America are assessed more positively than in Q4 2021, the experts in Central America observe a slight deterioration. Apart from Central and Southern Africa, the current Covid-19 health measures throughout the African regions are assessed more positively than at the end of 2021.
The figure shows the regional mean of the questions “How do you rate your country’s current Covid-19 public health measures?” (left panel) and “How would you change your country’s current Covid-19 public health measures?” (right panel). Experts were asked for a comparison to the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”) and from −100 (“stricter”) to +100 (“looser”). The data is first averaged at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
On a global average, experts are calling for relaxing the current Covid-19 health measures. In only four out of 18 regions a slight tightening is recommended. In all regions where participants perceive a positive development of Covid-19 health measures, they also prefer laxer Covid-19 health measures (except for East Africa). The call for further relaxing measures is particularly strong in Asia and Oceania, as well as in Europe. In the Americas, preferences are not as clear: while experts in North and South America have a slight preference for relaxations, more restrictive health measures are preferred in Central America. There is similar heterogeneity in Africa: North and West Africa want to relax restrictions, while Central and East Africa as well as Southern Africa are more cautious and prefer slightly more restrictive health measures.
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The map shows the regional mean response to the question: “How do you rate your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” Experts were asked to provide a comparison to the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”). The data is averaged first at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
The experts’ assessment of fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic varies considerably from region to region in a quarterly comparison. In North America, fiscal policy is rated slightly better; in Central and South America, fiscal policy is rated worse. In Northern, Western, and Southern Europe, experts observe improvements; in Eastern Europe, the situation has deteriorated. In Africa, Central Africa stands out with a clear deterioration; in North Africa and Southern Africa, the values are slightly negative, and in West and East Africa even positive. In Asia, fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic is assessed more positively compared with Q4 2021, (except for South Asia). In Oceania, participants assess fiscal policy slightly more negatively than at the end of 2021.
The figure shows the regional mean of the questions “How do you rate your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” (left panel) and “How would you change your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” (right panel). Experts were asked for a comparison with the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”) or from −100 (“more restrictive”) to +100 (“more expansionary”). The data is first averaged at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
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The assessments of fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic do not show a clear global trend for Q1 2022. This is different for the recommended change in fiscal policy: experts favor substantial expansions. In Asia, Africa (except for Central Africa), and Central and South America, they call for more expansionary fiscal policy. In Northern, Eastern, and Western Europe and Oceania, there are only slight preferences for either a more expansionary or a more restrictive fiscal policy. In North America, participants are in favor of a reduction in government spending.
The Economic Experts Survey (EES) is a quarterly survey conducted by the Institute and the Swiss Economic Policy Institute. A total of 1, 603 economic experts from 132 countries participated in the survey from February 16 to March 2, 2022.Across the world, governments mobilised the military to support COVID-19 relief efforts. Especially in Asia and Latin America, where the military was extensively involved, this raised concerns about the negative implications for democratic quality and human rights. However, only in a few of the two regions’ countries did the military hijack or supplant civilian politics during the pandemic.
Where democratic processes, the rule of law, and civilian control are well institutionalised, the deployment of the military is unlikely to have direct negative repercussions for democratic quality. External support for security sector reform to strengthen military capabilities should be integrated into a general approach fortifying the institutions of democracy and accountability.
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After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, governments across the globe took action to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and prevent their health systems from collapsing. According to data from Erickson and colleagues (Erickson, Kljajić, and Shelef 2023: 357), 95 per cent of all countries relied on
The map shows the regional mean response to the question: “How do you rate your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” Experts were asked to provide a comparison to the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”). The data is averaged first at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
The experts’ assessment of fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic varies considerably from region to region in a quarterly comparison. In North America, fiscal policy is rated slightly better; in Central and South America, fiscal policy is rated worse. In Northern, Western, and Southern Europe, experts observe improvements; in Eastern Europe, the situation has deteriorated. In Africa, Central Africa stands out with a clear deterioration; in North Africa and Southern Africa, the values are slightly negative, and in West and East Africa even positive. In Asia, fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic is assessed more positively compared with Q4 2021, (except for South Asia). In Oceania, participants assess fiscal policy slightly more negatively than at the end of 2021.
The figure shows the regional mean of the questions “How do you rate your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” (left panel) and “How would you change your country’s current fiscal policies to address the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic?” (right panel). Experts were asked for a comparison with the previous quarter, with the possible answers ranging from −100 (“worse”) to +100 (“better”) or from −100 (“more restrictive”) to +100 (“more expansionary”). The data is first averaged at the country level and then within 18 world regions.
Covid 19 Usa: Coronavirus Outbreak Measures And Effect On The Us
The assessments of fiscal policy in response to the Covid-19 pandemic do not show a clear global trend for Q1 2022. This is different for the recommended change in fiscal policy: experts favor substantial expansions. In Asia, Africa (except for Central Africa), and Central and South America, they call for more expansionary fiscal policy. In Northern, Eastern, and Western Europe and Oceania, there are only slight preferences for either a more expansionary or a more restrictive fiscal policy. In North America, participants are in favor of a reduction in government spending.
The Economic Experts Survey (EES) is a quarterly survey conducted by the Institute and the Swiss Economic Policy Institute. A total of 1, 603 economic experts from 132 countries participated in the survey from February 16 to March 2, 2022.Across the world, governments mobilised the military to support COVID-19 relief efforts. Especially in Asia and Latin America, where the military was extensively involved, this raised concerns about the negative implications for democratic quality and human rights. However, only in a few of the two regions’ countries did the military hijack or supplant civilian politics during the pandemic.
Where democratic processes, the rule of law, and civilian control are well institutionalised, the deployment of the military is unlikely to have direct negative repercussions for democratic quality. External support for security sector reform to strengthen military capabilities should be integrated into a general approach fortifying the institutions of democracy and accountability.
Covid 19 And Vaccination In Latin America And The Caribbean: Challenges, Needs And Opportunities
After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, governments across the globe took action to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and prevent their health systems from collapsing. According to data from Erickson and colleagues (Erickson, Kljajić, and Shelef 2023: 357), 95 per cent of all countries relied on
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